1. D. Be sure to know all of these.
2. C. MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheets.
3. C. Elderly patients tend to be stronger earlier in the
day.
4. B. Patients who have been held without food should
be imaged first.
5. C. The need for insulin means patients who are diabetic
should be imaged early.
6. B. It is important that either the stomach or the colon
be empty, with nothing interfering from a previous
procedure.
7. D. Be sure to know these basic legal concepts. D is the
most complete answer.
8. B. Choice A is a violation of privacy, choice C is a form
of assault, and choice D is unprofessional behavior
9. A. Keep in mind that assault does not have to involve
touching the patient.
10. C. Choices A and D constitute battery. Choice B
could be considered false imprisonment.
11. A. Although unintentional, it still carries with it penalties.
Something that should have been done was not
done.
12. B. The defendant is compared with individuals having
similar experience.
13. D. The employer is always responsible for the actions
of the employees. This does not mean the radiographer
is not also responsible.
14. C. Choice B actually involves loss of life or limb; gross
negligence does not have to involve an actual loss.
15. D. Be familiar with these facts concerning malpractice.
16. D. This means “the thing speaks for itself.” It is something
that could not have occurred by natural means.
17. A. Choice 2 is incorrect because a brochure does not
have to be given to the patient. Choice 5 is incorrect
because patients are unlikely to completely understand
all aspects of a procedure.
18. B. Choice A is incorrect because a patient who is
ambulatory would not be on a cart. Choice C is
incorrect because patient care must never be compromised
because of short staffing. Choice D is incorrect
because safety is of paramount importance.
19. A. It is very important to obtain an accurate patient
history on all patients.
20. B. Be sure to review the principles of infection control.
21. D.
22. B.
23. A. Vectors involve animals.
24. B. This differs from vector-borne transmission and
does not involve motor vehicles.
25. B. Choice C would be vector-borne, and choice D
would be direct contact.
26. B. Choice A would be droplet transmission, choice
C would be vector-borne transmission, and choice D
would be direct contact.
27. B. Standard precautions were formerly called Universal
precautions.
28. A. Standard precautions are used because we can never
know for sure what each patient may carry.
29. D. Handwashing is always the first defense. However,
it does not replace any other methods.
30. A. This is the ideal apparel for these procedures. Head
and shoe coverings do little, and a regular uniform
may carry organisms after the exam is over.
31. C. This precaution is very important to observe.
32. A. This greatly increases the chance for a needlestick
injury and the transmission of pathogens.
33. A. Health care workers must always assume that
pathogens are present. Washing per protocol is
mandatory.
34. B. Handwashing is the best protection against transmission
of pathogens.
35. C. Surgical asepsis is the complete removal of
organisms.
36. A. This is much more complete than medical asepsis.
37. B. Always wash hands before beginning any procedure.
38. D. Underarms (because of perspiration), sides, and
back are considered nonsterile.
39. D.
40. B. Droplet transmission involves coughs and sneezes,
direct contact involves a person, and airborne transmission
involves droplets and dust. Radiographers
must be constantly aware of the methods of transmission.
41. D. Standard precautions must be practiced at all
times.
42. D. Note the constant emphasis on handwashing.
None of the other choices must be followed in every
circumstance.
43. B. Gloves need not be worn with respiratory isolation.
All of the other choices involve body fluids.
44. D. This prevents the patient from contracting something
from the health care worker or the equipment.
45. A. Standard precautions is always the most allinclusive.
46. B.
47. C.
48. B. Working as a team.
49. C. Great care must be taken when the patient has a
urinary catheter.
50. A.
51. D. The radiographer should be constantly observing
the patient for any such signs.
52. D. Choice A is incorrect because it indicates degrees
centigrade. Choice B is incorrect because it indicates a
range of normal temperature in degrees centigrade.
53. D. All are clear liquids.
54. B.
55. C. This is the real name for a “blood pressure cuff.”
56. D. The numerator indicates the blood pressure when
the heart is pumping, the systolic pressure. The
denominator indicates the blood pressure when the
heart is at rest, the diastolic pressure. The symbol
“Hg” stands for mercury.
57. C. Be certain to flow the oxygen at the proper rate,
which is per minute.
58. C. The Heimlich maneuver is performed by a person,
CPR is for cardiac/respiratory arrest, and a nasogastric
(NG) tube is for introducing substances directly into
the stomach.
59. A. The radiographer must always be familiar with the
contents of the crash cart and what each item does.
60. C. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to foreign
proteins, cardiogenic shock results from cardiac
failure, and septic shock occurs when toxins produced
during infection cause a dramatic drop in
blood pressure.
61. D. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to foreign proteins,
cardiogenic shock results from cardiac failure,
and hypovolemic shock occurs following loss of a
large amount of blood or plasma.
62. A. Cardiogenic shock results from cardiac failure,
hypovolemic shock occurs following loss of a large
amount of blood or plasma, and septic shock occurs
when toxins produced during infection cause a dramatic
drop in blood pressure.
63. D. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to foreign proteins,
cardiogenic shock results from cardiac failure,
and hypovolemic shock occurs following loss of a
large amount of blood or plasma.
64. B. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to foreign proteins,
cardiogenic shock results from cardiac failure,
and hypovolemic shock occurs following loss of a
large amount of blood or plasma.
65. A. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to foreign proteins.
Cardiogenic shock results from cardiac failure,
hypovolemic shock occurs following loss of a large
amount of blood or plasma, and septic shock occurs
when toxins produced during infection cause a dramatic
drop in blood pressure.
66. D. The radiographer must be able to recognize all of
these. These types of questions may be on the certification
exam because patient care in imaging is the
responsibility of the radiographer.
67. B. Keep blood flowing to the brain by placing the
patient in the Trendelenburg position, head lower
than the hips.
68. C. Choice 2 is incorrect because the patient should
never be left alone under any circumstances. Choice 3
is incorrect because of potentially devastating consequences;
a spinal injury should always be assumed.
69. D. Be sure to be familiar with these various devices
that may be present in a patient.
70. D. Be sure to be familiar with these various devices
that may be present in a patient.
71. A. Nosocomial infections are those acquired in the
health care setting. Most of these infections are the
result of urinary catheter use. This is similar to a previous
question but uses the term “nosocomial.” It’s
important to know both terms.
72. C. The radiographer must be careful working around
the ventilator so as to not affect its operation.
73. D. Air is a negative contrast agent. Hence, chest x-ray
exams are contrast studies. For the best contrast the
exposure is made on the second (and deeper) inspiration.
Exposure after only one inspiration is an incomplete
study.
74. The correct choices are: b, e, f, g. Choice a is incorrect
because air is a negative contrast agent. Choice c is
incorrect because barium should be mixed with warm
water. Choice d is incorrect because nonionic contrast
media do contain iodine.
75. D. This is the first and most important issue that must
be taken into consideration. Be sure to read the package
inserts that come with contrast agents and review
the contraindications and side effects.
76. A. Extravasation involves escape of the contrast agent
into the tissues surrounding the injection site.
77. D. The radiographer must be aware of all possible
symptoms and know what to do immediately.
78. B. It is important to remain with the patient and
observe for symptoms of a possible reaction.
79. B. Maintain composure, yet react quickly.
80. D. This is sometimes confusing, so be sure to review
and be familiar with it.
81. A. Special care must be taken when venipuncture is
performed. Review all of the steps in venipuncture.
82. B.
83. B. Be familiar with all the items used for venipuncture.
84. C. You already know that any list of steps for a procedure
will begin with washing hands. That immediately
rules out choices A and D. As soon as hands are
washed, the next step must be gloving. That points
directly to choice C, which is the only possible answer
to this question. Always evaluate the question and
read all of the possible answers. Many times you will
recognize a shortcut such as this.
85. A. Venipuncture is part of a radiographer’s scope of
practice. It is tested on the ARRT exam. It may, however,
be regulated by state law in some circumstances.
Be sure to know what you can and cannot do on the
job.
86. D. All relevant history and blood values must be present
on the chart and consulted before the exam is
begun.
87. A.
88. C.
89. C. This may indicate that a reaction is starting.
90. A. The radiographer must respond quickly and be
aware that a more severe reaction may be imminent
that a more severe reaction may be imminent.
91. B. Understanding of diversity is a prime part of every
radiographer’s practice.
92. B. The radiographer should be calling for assistance.
93. A. Although the other choices may be part of a radiographer’s
practice in various venues, patient education
is always part of practice.
94. B. A cardiac arrest code should be called; CPR should
be initiated.
95. B.
96. C.
97. D. The Rules of Ethics are enforceable by the ARRT.
Be certain to understand these for the ARRT exam.
98. B. The Code of Ethics is a set of aspirational goals for
radiographers’ practice.
99. A. Contrast agent reactions can begin with very
benign symptoms. Never leave the patient alone.
100. B.
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